The objective of this study is to lay the groundwork for policies that enhance the stability of the domestic drug supply while building the capacity to respond proactively to future public health crises. It includes a case analysis of the current state of medicine supply chains and examines policy trends in the United States and Europe aimed at strengthening the manufacturing and supply chains of medicines since the onset of COVID-19. The study concludes by proposing four prospective policy measures to improve the resilience of essential medicine production and supply.