Press Release

KIHASA Publishes Health and Social Welfare Review, Vol. 41, No. 2

  • Date 2021-08-02
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KIHASA has published the Health and Social Welfare Review, Vol. 41, No. 2

  • Editorial

          What We Need is to Cross Boundaries in Scholarly Communication and Research


  • Articles

  • 1.The Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 by Setting in Three Waves in the Seoul Metropolitan Area in South Korea

  • 2.Healthcare Resources Management for Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative and Institutional Study on the Case of ROK and Japan

  • 3.The Life History of Young People Who Had Experienced Being NEET

  • 4.Identification and Prediction of the Latent Classes of Dreams among Adolescents

  • 5.The Impact of Perceived Income Inequality on Depression among Youth: The Mediating Effects of Social Capital

  • 6.Women's Experiences of Digital Sexual Violence in Dating Relationships

  • 7.The Relationship between Women's Family Values and Their Intention to Get Married and Have Children

  • 8.A Study on the Supply of Obstetrics and Gynecology Infrastructure for Ensuring Reproductive Health

  • 9.The Effects of Depression and Anxiety on Happiness of Children in Out-of-Home Care: Focused on Moderating Effect of Resilience

  • 10.Subsidised Out-of School Hour Care: How Self-care Time for Children is Affected by the Patterns of Service Use?

  • 11.A Qualitative Study on the Death Experiences of Caregivers at Nursing Homes for the Elderly

  • 12.Analysis of User's Comments of Online Suicide-related News Reporting Using Topic Modeling

  • 13.The Effect of Economic Insecurity on Suicidal Thoughts in Middle-aged and Older Adults with and without Disabilities

  • 14.Stakeholders' Experiences Related to the Admission Review Committee after the Revision of Mental Health Welfare Act

  • 15.The Effect of Multi-component Alcohol Interventions on Alcohol Use at a Professional Sports Stadium

  • 16.Analysis fo the Consumption Effect of Government's Transfer through the Estimation of Marginal Propensity to Consume


Article I: "The Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 by Setting in Three Waves in the Seoul Metropolitan Area in South Korea" by Lee Jin Hui, et al.

This study explored the COVID-19 spread pattern by setting in the Seoul Metorpolitan Area in South Korea. A total of 66,048 reported cases were analyzed by setting where transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported to have ocurred and resulted in clusters of cases in each of the three waves. This analysis was to compare and understand the pattern of COVID-19 transmission from January 2020 to March 2021. 'Personal contact' and 'unknwon' were the two main routes of transmission. Particular settings, such as religious venues, offices, bars, and conglomerate settings, were found to have triggered waves. When examining indicators of clustering, trajectories, and intensity of cases under individual triggering settings, it was found that the implementation of prompt, coordinated, and tailored responses mitigated the spread in those settings. Identifying settings that result in transmission clusters enables us to establish prompt and efficient surveillance and/or preventive measures for these in case we have other similar epidemic events in the future.


Article II: "Healthcare Resources Management for Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative and Institutional Study on the Case of ROK and Japan" by Kim Minji and Lee Donghyun

The COVID-19, declared as a pandemic, is a type of disaster that is defined as a situation where resources are insufficient to meet healthcare needs. Timely arrangement of healthcare resources in the right place can reduce disaster impact. The purpose of this study was to confirm the planned resource utilization strategy through a legal review that is the basis for disaster response, and to form issues and evidence for improving response competencies. This study employed a most similar systems design method. Japan was selected as a comparison country in consideration of regional, economic factors, and healthcare system, This study reviewed the Framework Acts of Korea and Japan on the Prevention and Management of Infectious Diseases, using the WHO’s “Pandemic Influenza Risk Management”. Although the legal provisions on human resources, supplies, structures and systems specified all the components in legal provision, there was lack of legal provisions on pandemic situations. In addition, this study found that Korea’s relatively well-organized pandemic responses were an outcome, in large part, of an effective pandemic response leadership and technological innovations and conceptual shifts that helped enhance response capacity. This study suggests that the management and healthcare resource management as a part of disaster response should be applied as a consideration for the revising pandemic related laws and policies, and that the connection should be enhanced between act on infectious disease and framework act on the management of disasters and safety.


Article III: "The Life History of Young People Who Had Experienced Being NEET" by Noh Hye-Jin

The purpose of this study is to examine how young people lived in Korean society, experienced being NEET through what process and in what life context, and how they were connected with the institutions and systems of Korean society in this process. To this end, 17 interviews were conducted with six young adults who had experienced being NEET, and analyzed using Mandelbaum’s life history methodology. This study found four life situations that young people went through when they experienced being NEET: ‘insufficient family support’, ‘difficult school life’, ‘the price of inadequate career decisions’, and ‘Korean society that makes everyone a victim. In these life situations, young people experience three turning points: unexpected events, negative labor market experiences, and NEET that anyone can become. In this process, as an adaptation strategy to maintain homeostasis, four adaptation strategies were used: endless investment, active use of the system, return to the unstable labor market, and efforts to fully live my life. Based on these findings, this study suggested the improvement of the content and level of vocational training and the qualifications of instructors and the conversion to the voucher method in order to improve the youth NEET problem. In addition, this study proposed establishing a permanent integrated system of youth support groups that can actually help young people in their life paths.


Article IV: "Identification and Prediction of the Latent Classes of Dreams among Adolescents" by Lee Seung Jin, et al.

This study was conducted to identify latent classes that are distinguished by the dream characteristics among adolescents and to identify individual and environmental factors affecting each class. For this study, we utilized data on a total of 2,538 middle and high school students from the “Survey on 2017 Korea Future Generation’s Dream.” which was jointly organized by World Vision and The Circle Foundation. To identify latent classes of adolescent dreams and their affecting factors, we performed latent class analysis and multinominal logistic regression. Our analysis identified three latent classes of dreams among adolescents, named as ‘active’, ‘exploratory’ and ‘passive’ depending on their characteristics. The three latent classes differed according to individual and environmental factors such as gender, age, self-esteem, motivation for achievement, subjective economic status, and school adjustment. Based on these findings, this study discussed the research implications and practice suggestions of the latent classes of dreams among adolescents.


Article V: "The Impact of Perceived Income Inequality on Depression among Youth: The Mediating Effects of Social Capital" by Kim Jinhyun

Despite the growing social demand for fairness, social inequality has been widening and resulting in youth’s relative deprivation and depression. Previous studies have not addressed the impact of perceived income inequality on mental health, especially depression among youth. In addition, few studies have identified the mediating effects of social capital such as trust and social relationship between perceived income inequality and depression. Thus, this study aims to empirically examine the impact of perceived income inequality on depression mediated by social capital. The research sample consisted of 3,018 youth aged 19 ? 34 years old who participated in the Survey on the Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Youths sponsored by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). Bootstrapping methods and structural equation modeling were utilized to test direct and indirect relationships among perceived income inequality, social capital, and depression. Results showed that the direct relationship between perceived income inequality and depression was not significant. However, the impact of perceived income inequality on depression was significantly mediated by levels of trust. Social relationship did not have a indirect effect between perceived income inequality and depression, but it had a significant direct effect on depression. Results from this study suggest that it is necessary to discuss how to increase levels of trust and to decrease depression through addressing perceived income inequality in addition to income and employment support policy for youth.


Article VI: "Women's Experiences of Digital Sexual Violence in Dating Relationships" by Kim Jihyun and Chun Jong Serl

This study was aimed at understanding the process and context in which women experience digital sexual violence dating relationships. For this study, we employed a generic qualitative approach to in-depth interviews. We grouped women’s experiences of digital sexual violence in dating relationships into several types: ‘coerced acceptance’, ‘self-awareness and the beginning of resistance’, ‘acting out in resistance and ensuing frustration’, ‘giving up resistance’ and ‘resurgence of self-awareness’. Victims of digital sexual violence, through the continued circulation of videos, images and texts concerning them, become publicly stigmatized in the offline world and suffer lasting damage. The experience of digital sexual violence in dating relationships is regarded as gender-based violence committed through the power shift from personal level to social level. In this context, the suggestions have been made such as the prevention training from digital sexual violence in the gender based aspect, the campaign for the change of the social awareness of digital sexual violence, the necessity of training the specialized counselors for emergency supports for the victims by digital sexual violence and the installment of comprehensive support center and the establishment of integrated online platform to erase and manage the videos of victims by digital sexual violence.


Article VII: "The Relationship between Women's Family Values and Their Intention to Get Married and Have Children" by Lim Byung-In and Seo Hye-Rim

We examined if the values women have of marriage, childbirth, and gender role affect their intention to marry and to have children. For our analysis, we used logistic regression estimation and multiple regression on data from the ??National Survey on Fertility and Family Health and Welfare?? of 2015 and 2018. Empirical findings are as follows: first, both unmarried women’s intention to marry and married women’s intention to have an additional childbirth has declined to a statistically significant extent since 2015. Second, in both unmarried women and married women without children, being in employment positively affected the intention both to marry and to have a child. Among married women with children, being in employment did not affect the intention to have another child. Having a home of one’s own was associated with increased intention to have a child. Third, the more positive unmarried women were about family values in the traditional sense, the higher their intention to get married. Married women, however, appeared to have inconsistent and mixed values affecting their intention to give birth. Fourth, an increasing proportion of unmarried or married women were found to think that promoting marriage and childbirth should require the increased support from the government. In conclusion, effective policies for job security are needed for both unmarried women and married women without children. For married women with children, there is a need for strengthening on-going housing policies.


Article VIII: "A Study on the Supply of Obstetrics and Gynecology Infrastructure for Ensuring Reproductive Health" by Lee So-Young and Kim Ka-Hee

As birth rates in Korea remain low and keep falling, the importance of reproductive health has been emphasized. This study analyzed the currentstatus of, and regional imbalances in, the supply of ob-gyn providers by using a Spatial Econometrics Approach based on Geographic Information System. Based on our findings, it suggested ways to improve the availability and distribution of ob-gyn providers across the country. This study identified urban-rural disparitiesin the distribution of ob-gyn providers. More specifically, private ob-gyn providers were concentrated in and around the metropolitan cities, while public ob-gyn providers were more widely distributed in rural areas. This study found that there was a pronounced need to reduce regional disparities in the availability of ob-gyn services. From a short-term perspective, high-quality professional services should be provided through evenly distributed public health care providers. Also, the regional distribution of ob-gyn providers should continuously be monitored to ensure, in the long-term, that quality ob-gyn services are readily available at local levels across the country. Reproductive health should be guaranteed as a right. The guarantee of it should begin with narrowing the regional gap in the supply of ob-gyn services.


Article IX: "The Effects of Depression and Anxiety on Happiness of Children in Out-of-home Care: Focused on Moderating Effect of Resilience" by Kim Su Jeong and Jung Sun-Wook

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate moderating effect of resilience on the effects of depression and anxiety on happiness and to identify the three different out-of-home care placement types-specific differences. For these purpose, the data were analyzed for 715 of the out-of-home care children. To verify the research hypothesis, a reliability test, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, t-test, F-test, hierarchical regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 21. The major findings of this research are as follows. First, a hierarchical regression analysis of all out-of-home care children showed that depression and anxiety had a negative(-) effect on happiness and resilience had a positive(+) effect on happiness. Also the interaction terms had a significant impact on happiness. This identified the function of the resilience as a moderating effect. Second, the results of hierarchical regression analysis by type of out-of-home care showed that in all types, depression and anxiety had a significant negative effect on happiness and resilience had a positive effect on happiness. However, moderating effect of resilience was significant only in child care facilities and group homes. The results of this study showed that efforts were needed to improve the happiness and resilience of out-of-home care children and the needs for psychological and emotional intervention that can reduce anxiety and depression.


Article X: "Subsidised Out-of-school Hour Care: How Self-care Time for Children is Affected by the Patterns of Service Use?" by Kim Juri, Choi Hyejin and Kang Jiwon

This study examines how different patterns of using subsidised after-school programmes reduce self-care time for elementary-school students in Korea. We focus on four types of after-school care programme that have not been dealt with in existing research. For the analyses, Tobit regression models were performed using the data from the 2020 After-School Care Status and Demand Survey. The results of the analysis indicate that each subsidised after-school programme is significantly associated with reducing self-care time. Using only private care services such as private home tutoring and institutes, and other enrichment activities, increases self-care time; however, if a mixture of after-school programmes is available, this can be effective in reducing the self-care time of children. Furthermore, in the case of dual earner households, the higher the income level, the longer the self-care time. On the other hand, in the case of the single-earner households, the lower the income level, the longer the self-care time. This is consistent with the argument that a targeted programme has the potential to increase self-care time. Based on the findings, we suggest that it is necessary to expand the eligibility criteria of the subsidised after-school programmes and adopt a progressive fee imposition system to reduce self-care time for children.


Article XI: "A Qualitative Study on the Death Experiences of Caregivers at Nursing Homes for the Elderly" by Ahn Eun-Sook and Lee Jin-Sook

The purpose of this study was to examine the death experiences of caregivers who has been caring the elderly in nursing homes, and to understand the nature of the death experiences using the Giorgi’s phenomenological qualitative research method. The results of the study was as follows: firstly, a prior experience of caring work with related labor characteristics created an amplified death experience, and this experience confirmed the causal intrinsic structure that produces a resultant follow-up experiences. The caregivers’ sorrow was a complex feeling of pain, and it was a sorrow that went unnoticed. It was confirmed that the environmental conditions that induce such pain and grief were structurally created, causing these emotions to occur frequently. Consequently, it was confirmed with previous studies in a similar context that caregivers in nursing homes were also affected by the structurally limited effects of overcoming grief and their desire for growth. Through these research results, this study discussed and suggested implications for nursing care providers to function as stable service providers for death by using appropriate expertises and skills.


Article XII: "Analysis of User's Comments of Online Suicide-related News Reporting Using Topic Modeling" by Fu Qianchao, An Soontae and Lee Hanna

This study explored social perceptions of suicide by analyzing the keywords and topics of online news comments. A total of 350,533 comments on 4,189 online news articles were collected via web crawling. The collected unstructured text data were then preprocessed before performing keyword analysis and topic modeling using Python programming. The collected comments were divided into two groups: comments on celebrity suicide news articles and comments on general suicide news articles. Then, topic modeling was performed by applying BTM analysis method. The comments about celebrity suicide were categorized into three topics: “pity towards a celebrity who committed suicide,” “awareness of the cause of a celebrity’s suicide,” and “attitude toward a politician’s suicide.” The comments about general suicide were classified into five topics: “ambivalent attitude toward suicide and compassion toward those bereaved by suicide,” “occupation with a high suicide rate,” “the cause of suicide and the need for policy support,” “the connection between suicide events and social issues,” and “raising doubts about suicide incidents.” Also discussed were the associated practical implications and theoretical contributions.


Article XIII: "The Effect of Economic Insecurity on Suicidal Thoughts in Middle-aged and Older Adults with and without Disabilities" by Koh Eun-Hye, et al.

This study aims to compare the effects of economic insecurity on suicidal thoughts in middle-aged and older adults with and without disabilities. In this study, we analyzed the data from Korea Welfare Panel 7th-14th wave surveys. A generalized linear mixed logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship considering repeated measurements. The results show that people with disabilities had a higher risk of suicidal thoughts than those without disabilities. The effect of economic insecurity on suicidal thoughts differed between those with and without disabilities. Specifically, there was an independent effect of each factor of economic insecurity; but there was no significant effect in the overall model of factors of economic insecurity among people with disabilities. Suicidal thoughts were likely to increase as the overall income level decreased, income volatility (year-on-year income changes) and family economic hardships were associated with higher risk for suicidal thoughts in people without disabilities. The results suggest that not only the level of economic status but also economic insecurity should be considered in order to improve the mental health of people with and without disabilities.


Article XIV: "Stakeholders' Experiences Related to the Admission Review Committee after the Revision of Mental Health Welfare Act" by Shin Soyoun, et al.

The revision of the “Mental Health Act” into the “Act on the Improvement of Mental Health and the Support for Welfare Services for Mental Patients” in 2016 led to the tightening of procedures for involuntary hospitalization through the implementation of the “Committee for Review as to Legitimacy of Admission” (hereinafter “Admission Review Committee”). This study evaluated whether the Admission Review Committee has achieved its goal to promote the human rights of people with a mental illness through qualitative analysis of stakeholder experiences. The evaluation is based on interviews with a total of 27 subcommittee members from all the five national psychiatric hospitals which have an Admission Review Committee in place. Those interviewed were psychiatrists, lawyers, mental health professionals, patients and their families, and investigators. As a result, a total of four categories and 16 themes emerged from the thematic analysis. Our study shows that the Admission Review Committee has promoted human rights by functioning as a minimum safeguard to prevent unjust involuntary hospitalization and forced transfer to psychiatric hospitals. However, insufficient procedural assistance has limited the right to self-determination, and the committee heavily relied on paper review rather than the face-to-face investigation with people with a mental illness. For a better supportive committee for the human rights of people with a mental illness, we suggest that the committee adopt the face-to-face review process, procedural assistance services, and a governance system closely connecting medical facilities with local communities.


Article XV: "The Effect of Multi-component Alcohol Interventions on Alcohol Use at a Professional Sports Stadium" by Jung Jekarl, et al.

It is increasingly recognized that alcohol consumption is a key factor in harms caused by alcohol misuse at a public place like a professional sports stadium, where family members, including children, come together to enjoy sports events. This paper aims to describe the prevalence of alcohol use and to analyze the effect of multi-component alcohol interventions on reducing alcohol consumption among spectators at a professional baseball stadium in Seoul. Data under analysis were derived from annual reports of 6 years, from 2014 to 2019, on alcohol use and policy implementation monitored at Jamsil professional baseball stadium, initiated by Songpa Public Health Center(SPHC). A time-series analysis was employed to examine the trends in the prevalence of alcohol use at sporting events over a period of 6 years. In 2015 the Korea Baseball Organization initiated a campaign, SAFE, a multi-component intervention to reduce alcohol-related problems at sports venues across the nation. The campaign included restriction on alcohol availability by imposing alcohol restriction on entry, the prohibition of alcohol sales after 7th inning, the imposition of drink limit per person. In addition to the campaign, SPHC mobilized a coordinated effort to support the campaign through sharing information on annual monitoring reports of alcohol use and advocating for stricter enforcement of SAFE policy among stakeholders including a civil society, professional baseball clubs, a venue management agency, and public health professional. ARIMA analysis showed that the campaign contributed to reduction of prevalence of alcohol use, from 42.2% to 18.3%. The results suggest that the restriction of alcohol availability at sporting venues, even though it is self-regulated, lead to reduction of alcohol use if implementation of it is closely monitored with community mobilization followed. Policy implications for health promotion were discussed.


Article XVI: "Analysis of the Consumption Effect of Government's Transfer through the Estimation of Marginal Propensity to Consume" by Noh Yong-Hwan

This study presents the mechanism of how consumption is generated by the government transfer to households. The nominal income multiplier of the social account matrix was obtained that took into account both production activities and household sectors. Also, the marginal propensity to consume for each income class was estimated using Korean household survey data. Through a scenario approach, the effect of income generated according to the distribution method of government transfer to household consumption was analyzed. First, the consumption effect of the same method as the first COVID-19 relief stimulus checks for all Korean households was estimated at 19.2% of the government transfer. Second, households' average propensity and marginal propensity to consume were estimated to be larger for the lower income class; and the rational government transfer to improve the distribution of household income is to strengthen support for the low-income class associated with higher marginal propensity to consume. Third, it is estimated that financial assets act as a wealth effect on consumption, and household debt plays a role in promoting consumption through financing rather than a limiting factor for current consumption. The significant contribution of the present research can be found in that it presents a methodology analyzing consumption effect while overcoming the limitations of the input-output analysis that assumes the omission of the household sector and helicopter-style government expenditure.

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